Charles Crow on LinkedIn: Prevagen®: Analysis of Clinical Evidence and Its Designation as a "#1… (2024)

blood letting Barbers in medieval and Renaissance Europe performed an ancient practice known as “bloodletting,” where patients would be cut to supposedly bleed out illnesses in the body12345. During this time, they earned the name “barber surgeons”1. The bloodletting was often recommended by physicians, but carried out by barbers, which led to the distinction between physicians and surgeons2. The red-and-white-striped pole of the barbershop, still in use today, is derived from this practice: the red symbolizes blood while the white symbolizes the bandages2.

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Co q- 10 anyone ??? Long-lived birds suffer less from oxidative stressOxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, is thought to be an important intrinsic mechanism for aging. Ecologists have tested this hypothesis in birds, although the evidence supporting the link between oxidative stress and lifespan has so far been ambiguous. ConclusionsThe main finding of this study was that relatively long-lived bird species had high levels of antioxidants (TAS, tGSH) and low levels of MDA, which is a marker of oxidative damage. This association was independent of statistical control for effects of body mass, sampling effort and similarity among taxa due to common phylogenetic descent. At the broadest level, our results support the disposable soma theory of aging (Kirkwood1977) and the free radical theory of aging (Harman1956). The adjustedR2was less than 0.5 in the model, which implies there is still variation in lifespan that remains unexplained. Recent research has found other intrinsic mechanisms linked to lifespan in birds, such as monounsaturated fatty acids (Galván et al.2015) and telomere erosion (Sudyka et al.2016; Boonekamp et al.2017). Pooling these factors may provide a better understanding of senescence.So, how long do parrots live?With proper care, certain breeds of parrots can live up to 80 years of old, and these are from the larger breeds like macaw and African greys. The smaller breeds can live long compared to other birds and mammals and they can live up to 30-35 years of age.

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Time course for the recovery of physical performance, blood hemoglobin, and ferritin content after blood donationAndreas K Ziegler1,Johannes Grand1,Ida Stangerup1,Hans J Nielsen23,Flemming Dela1,Karin Magnussen4,Jørn W Helge1AffiliationsexpandPMID:25512178DOI:10.1111/trf.12926AbstractBackground:It is widely accepted that blood donation negatively affects endurance performance, but data on physical recovery after a standard blood donation are scarce. This study aimed to elucidate the temporary impact of blood donation on endurance performance, measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak ) and time trial (TT) performance.Study design and methods:VO2peak , TT performance, blood, iron, and anthropometric variables were determined before (baseline) and 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after blood donation in 19 healthy men.Results:VO2peak was reduced by 6.5% from 49.7 ± 2 mL/kg/min at baseline to 46.3 ± 2 mL/kg/min on Day 3 (p < 0.001), and TT performance was reduced by 5.2% from 13:31 ± 00:42 to 14:13 ± 00:50 min:sec (p < 0.001). Both VO2peak and TT performance were back to baseline 14 days after blood donation. Blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration declined 7.9% from 9.3 ± 0.11 mmol/L at baseline to 8.6 ± 0.1 mmol/L on Day 3 (p < 0.001) and was not different from baseline 28 days after blood donation. The hematocrit (Hct) was reduced from 43.8 ± 0.5% at baseline to 40.6 ± 0.6% on Day 3 (p < 0.001). On Day 28 Hct was 42.8 ± 0.5% and still reduced below baseline (p = 0.028). Ferritin concentration was reduced 46% from 113 ± 23 μg/L at baseline to a minimum of 61 ± 14 μg/L on Day 14 (p = 0.008).Conclusion:The individual recovery was variable, but physical performance was recovered 14 days after a standard blood donation, despite blood Hb concentration remaining lower than at baseline.

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Testosterone induces erythrocytosis via increased erythropoietin and suppressed hepcidin: evidence for a new erythropoietin/hemoglobin set pointEric Bachman1,Thomas G Travison2,Shehzad Basaria3,Maithili N Davda2,Wen Guo2,Michelle Li2,John Connor Westfall3,Harold Bae3,Victor Gordeuk2,Shalender Bhasin4AffiliationsexpandPMID:24158761PMCID:PMC4022090DOI:10.1093/gerona/glt154AbstractBackground:The mechanisms by which testosterone increases hemoglobin and hematocrit remain unclear.Methods:We assessed the hormonal and hematologic responses to testosterone administration in a clinical trial in which older men with mobility limitation were randomized to either placebo or testosterone gel daily for 6 months.Results:The 7%-10% increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit, respectively, with testosterone administration was associated with significantly increased erythropoietin (EPO) levels and decreased ferritin and hepcidin levels at 1 and 3 months. At 6 months, EPO and hepcidin levels returned toward baseline in spite of continued testosterone administration, but EPO levels remained nonsuppressed even though elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit higher than at baseline, suggesting a new set point. Consistent with increased iron utilization, soluble transferrin receptor (sTR) levels and ratio of sTR/log ferritin increased significantly in testosterone-treated men. Hormonal and hematologic responses were similar in anemic participants. The majority of testosterone-treated anemic participants increased their hemoglobin into normal range.Conclusions:Testosterone-induced increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit is associated with stimulation of EPO and reduced ferritin and hepcidin concentrations. We propose that testosterone stimulates erythropoiesis by stimulating EPO and recalibrating the set point of EPO in relation to hemoglobin and by increasing iron utilization for erythropoiesis.Keywords:Erythropoietin; Ferritin.; Hepcidin; Testosterone.

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How does hormone transition in transgender women change body composition, muscle strength and haemoglobin? Systematic review with a focus on the implications for sport participationJoanna Harper1,Emma O'Donnell1,Behzad Sorouri Khorashad2,Hilary McDermott1,Gemma L Witcomb3AffiliationsexpandPMID:33648944PMCID:PMC8311086DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2020-103106AbstractObjectives:We systemically reviewed the literature to assess how long-term testosterone suppressing gender-affirming hormone therapy influenced lean body mass (LBM), muscular area, muscular strength and haemoglobin (Hgb)/haematocrit (HCT).Design:Systematic review.Data sources:Four databases (BioMed Central, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched in April 2020 for papers from 1999 to 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies:Eligible studies were those that measured at least one of the variables of interest, included transwomen and were written in English.Results:Twenty-four studies were identified and reviewed. Transwomen experienced significant decreases in all parameters measured, with different time courses noted. After 4 months of hormone therapy, transwomen have Hgb/HCT levels equivalent to those of cisgender women. After 12 months of hormone therapy, significant decreases in measures of strength, LBM and muscle area are observed. The effects of longer duration therapy (36 months) in eliciting further decrements in these measures are unclear due to paucity of data. Notwithstanding, values for strength, LBM and muscle area in transwomen remain above those of cisgender women, even after 36 months of hormone therapy.Conclusion:In transwomen, hormone therapy rapidly reduces Hgb to levels seen in cisgender women. In contrast, hormone therapy decreases strength, LBM and muscle area, yet values remain above that observed in cisgender women, even after 36 months. These findings suggest that strength may be well preserved in transwomen during the first 3 years of hormone therapy.

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